The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Golden Mean or Ratio[(1+sqrt(5))/2]

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: The Golden Mean or Ratio[(1+sqrt(5))/2]

Release date: August 1, 1996 [eBook #633]
Most recently updated: January 1, 2021

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/633

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GOLDEN MEAN OR RATIO[(1+SQRT(5))/2] ***

The Golden Mean [Golden Ratio] (1+sqrt(5))/2

to 20000 places.

This etext also contains these mathematical items:

  Catalan evaluation
  170000 digits of gamma or Euler constant
  The Artin's Constant
  The Backhouse Constant
  Zeta(3) or Apery Constant
  Zeta(1,2) or the derivative of Zeta function at 2
  Feigenbaum reduction parameter
  Feigenbaum bifurcation velocity constant
  Franson-Robinson constant
  The Gauss-Kusmin-Wirsing constant
  Khinchin constant
  Landau-Ramanujan constant
  The twin primes constant
  The Lengyel constant
  The Levy constant

The golden ratio: (1+sqrt(5))/2 to 20000 places.

1.61803398874989484820458683436563811772030917980576286213544862270526046281890 244970720720418939113748475408807538689175212663386222353693179318006076672635 443338908659593958290563832266131992829026788067520876689250171169620703222104 321626954862629631361443814975870122034080588795445474924618569536486444924104 432077134494704956584678850987433944221254487706647809158846074998871240076521 705751797883416625624940758906970400028121042762177111777805315317141011704666 599146697987317613560067087480710131795236894275219484353056783002287856997829 778347845878228911097625003026961561700250464338243776486102838312683303724292 675263116533924731671112115881863851331620384005222165791286675294654906811317 159934323597349498509040947621322298101726107059611645629909816290555208524790 352406020172799747175342777592778625619432082750513121815628551222480939471234 145170223735805772786160086883829523045926478780178899219902707769038953219681 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665759683043519266676563960922648845670212850744821184836102907689196493402300 641753173483914758916672023069245347107627719792524997328576890388680141780313 799483651089527220946591304506656658258539174690486872649902546765966599164547 365134259755577397348506528439977384490513905829430130008366961455669748537793 407881277215791487210719258869089277878732982982214574233273265987982756950898 845306240223036486347722967056524127035887830281940074980575439016285786745531 327197652607107643153112391526077219362144346096089758726934223674331613718574 577608117751518069662104795585140130069701845007026290479492570837120175279378 554957627391245587148332010170361840521636818017341425089806160634676330850504 184585816629334093479199103685913053789482158651701181210113330006695775232786 685518078256752836149494920745837336845813691407977595925267273966423478746614 399819648081036705066005238269165055144634711116867428177319502560642951637959 659475644987891461446925936629309364804816174059808214254340525211371332408113 913579971622858101419103410460569290782498956214560041045692221416830893236662 517618696271719453854998551484275173369241202680159928083201458300754484742331 264387808478085056104304909999364345905195187494843696772757473359670883349609 157447435750398602016397666114276536952670441155200193914842934601015129531174 458876483070371677396154265591399083037577663021309908712719887069032930470124 105861506399852998141757804303480803588203202011047607004755710169423412034108 915643947825303164593730437558194686752534953230130276782353560116641311177996 099793662043449569683547930754311327558643189731515171064432189249793277801264 964764475467078165807406131259375271847408816115479818307816751047809291413954 564631160581269051753953556915775580410671981231638405277556052272223764711883 233223099585068971018717504781906533494858423259762256575841898529144717833517 322602985786292943465056366932162627673816245957417932698892327220666636081992 490988831468529940991386734446049670842442978243630232938910355965601739942201 988690257245471401633009612146187208365108688185334060622017099515827070442337 042180176696349133695996064322005328873494893135966030424380804565944743335678 31672703729636367594216999379522

———————————————————————————————————————

As calculated by Greg Fee using Maple Release 3 standard Catalan evaluation. This implementation uses 1 bit/term series of Ramanujan. Calculated on April 25 1996 in approx. 10 hours of CPU on a SGI R4000 machine.

To do the same on your machine just type this.

> catalan := evalf(Catalan,50100):

bytes used=37569782748, alloc=5372968, time=38078.95

here are the 50000 digits (1000 lines of 50 digits each).

It comes from formula 34.1 of page 293 of Ramanujan Notebooks, part I, the series used is by putting x—> -1/2 . In other words the formula used is: the ordinary formula for Catalan sum((-1)**(n+1)/(2*n+1)**2,n=0..infinity) and then you apply the Euler Transform to it: ref: Abramowitz & Stegun page 16. The article of Greg Fee that took those formulas appear in Computation of Catalan's constant using Ramanujan's Formula, by Greg Fee, ACM 1990, Proceedings of the ISAAC conference, 1990 (MAYBE 1989), held in Tokyo.

catalan := 0. 91596559417721901505460351493238411077414937428167 21342664981196217630197762547694793565129261151062 48574422619196199579035898803325859059431594737481 15840699533202877331946051903872747816408786590902 47064841521630002287276409423882599577415088163974 70252482011560707644883807873370489900864775113225 99713434074854075532307685653357680958352602193823 23950800720680355761048235733942319149829836189977 06903640418086217941101917532743149978233976105512 24779530324875371878665828082360570225594194818097 53509711315712615804242723636439850017382875977976 53068370092980873887495610893659771940968726844441 66804621624339864838916280448281506273022742073884 31172218272190472255870531908685735423498539498309 91911596738846450861515249962423704374517773723517 75440708538464401321748392999947572446199754961975 87064007474870701490937678873045869979860644874974 64387206238513712392736304998503539223928787979063 36440323547845358519277777872709060830319943013323 16712476158709792455479119092126201854803963934243 49565375967394943547300143851807050512507488613285 64129344959502298722983162894816461622573989476231 81954200660718814275949755995898363730376753385338 13545031276817240118140721534688316835681686393272 93677586673925839540618033387830687064901433486017 29810699217995653095818715791155395603668903699049 39667538437758104931899553855162621962533168040162 73752130120940604538795076053827123197467900882369 17861557338912441722383393814812077599429849172439 76685756327180688082799829793788494327249346576074 90543874819526813074437046294635892810276531705076 54797449483994895947709278859119584872412786608408 85545978238124922605056100945844866989585768716111 71786662336847409949385541321093755281815525881591 50222824445444171860994658815176649607822367897051 92697113125713754543701243296730572468450158193130 16087766215650957554679666786617082347682558133518 68193774565001456526170409607468895393023479198060 00842455621751084234717363878793695778784409337922 19894575340961647424554622478788002922914803690711 52707955455054147826884981852460058144665178681423 15411487855409966516738539727614697016904391511490 08933307918457465762099677548123138201543601098852 72162977010876157478173564163698570355340672649351 96316955476721150777231590044833826051611638343086 51397972251617413853812932480119463625188008403981 94553905518210424606292185217560246548601929767239 74051103952645692429786421242403751892678729602717 73378738379978326676208611952067912151263821192523 29404069205994386427469321533885667117330827142408 33265920326075316592804231023099735840039594034263 22276880701186819617678090563158159784537637578356 37359027716488313102887693795053507320801807581022 38230803176250432942472226839122971295535135510431 47618866554743676921841201887716179922856205635220 54703200691808688066121174204060992412348760515406 82022625595048124858941187358346822904230836155547 69477770831940874812491674892900659369616416623436 83707543963838945144011955648738134292122982001302 10799619224249244930519992358581580826035249799850 59186697220123164897104830701793528112228966355128 31743735239301140279238980874456964830901320787765 87853623013542800016290558772950067958761782473748 71378060042208445346045064702443258085164777173903 19602865553832828141591524873526330715051314788284 49992386632431981063365152433113214639009333621591 60744482923457177454817169580181688900175285645046 48913909042035602983604565242526579727013858675765 38993029584492586921897886443888193581145267705631 60609737684654083694230203816826392458579107404870 87987785242614086871517857580100602368170349179773 36221966295377189138531167399655658859121646280155 82629873541376336076073020045591202946657347571852 74531163384777648683824850411630160522708694444270 36442512423639718149992349608389591682580361647498 81042639483890042940550431502193126864230059992926 36154064926266418658359490424937152362206840394037 01086807400984400015124653435350672338454694635760 21186762114341424761178341043127306116782248833969 91553909131097323106678111748553767902723184507654 57756998874113956861466315813615736740618811259146 20397423401125882131569075175754979658229689846231 32925727317533830231353323287005659568853417520457 39327581835139823476780092614265210747104566687631 34325667275929891952548849037809046546488268575204 45469505381349830902146048971831938778086340901416 82854845242480931043432177247887782487394860618002 33415225914146138782700545170971410457656614928953 10867248608048420437663793623021364581779802272088 27380717367112998222890691257630277791626510357625 77038104288680376054636303337940367377696744757171 91871280395437096641387722662688983731111160200451 85939731747646215428384601621445265537202925520515 04941828003032550267579038252786139633572720650890 36782017625857363660245964491453352814103725168382 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48370824846333642251242034255438554747923490542487 36973241215506297769504957694032259884052732383383 87007735474942066252923855687547595283673618969505 03254975105475685582904264280288223133583017113458 61975019784420232041785756047105885909576234677056 50430778775853587154899385008551889511670055906314 64963846456224224185199851310612230676179904894428 48831782517506544346538425133271300230240438306247 26219830610476018589074943812150970837649929489684 83123978975240059120343706965306631739923470616819 68172026390046232808553407601396429236442012304767 82267038336232588525467626853636782615075340531593 37313071457898910856926960637345974288402225005290 15520998884042809345391721847580917037513060813642 09848557290766958284218557360999719764035404970757 03445820150158257028881134452044496425524101031249 67662635529318143494937932601048277243418470639942 89534462222004129934514220744814190333789315550685 22756309684544363912187670081612847742123338998836 14812382079042635267202161427485062261887583694841 91172479483300041582873400512340189492090287674178 65440211256360975020769150161031730685245191308694 91594569139279624592810899540762589954635485223854 48757994147093065077267684512505887349957817689055 28225674785956202175853620241580733897536259435693 19362751420235075212169619136721223793548343218975 75221937495115660983627436716746887603997456876267 78025082784567540835581457350675069310164155301861 75479366277294083492223487189377371193343564738314 47218094113538389434288346905494847215674948971663 57418853498986877125372894967217015374967204028920

———————————————————————————————————————

170000 digits of gamma, as calculated from a value furnished by Jon Borwein. gamma or Euler constant is Lim(n->infinity) {sum(1/k,k=1..n) - log(n)}

———————————————————————————————————————

The Artin's Constant.

= product(1-1/(p**2-p),p=prime)

0.373955813619202288054728054346516415111629249

———————————————————————————————————————

The Backhouse constant calculated by Philippe Flajolet INRIA Paris to 1300 places.

1.4560749485826896713995953511165435576531783748471315402707024 374140015062653898955996453194018603091099251436196347135486077 516491312123142920351770128317405369527499880254869230705808528 451124053000179297856106749197085005775005438769180068803215980 620273634173560481682324390971937912897855009041182006889374170 524605523103968123415765255124331292772157858632005469569315813 246500040902370666667117547152236564044351398169338973930393708 455830836636739542046997815299374792625225091766965656321726658 531118262706074545210728644758644231717911597527697966195100532 506679370361749364973096351160887145901201340918694999972951200 319685565787957715446072017436793132019277084608142589327171752 140350669471255826551253135545512621599175432491768704927031066 824955171959773604447488530521694205264813827872679158267956816 962042960183918841576453649251600489240011190224567845202131844 607922804066771020946499003937697924293579076067914951599294437 906214030884143685764890949235109954378252651983684848569010117 463899184591527039774046676767289711551013271321745464437503346 595005227041415954600886072536255114520109115277724099455296613 699531850998749774202185343255771313121423357927183815991681750 625176199614095578995402529309491627747326701699807286418966752 89794974645089663963739786981613361814875;

———————————————————————————————————————

Zeta(3) or Apery constant to 2000 places.

1.2020569031595942853997381615114499907649862923404988817922715553418382057863 130901864558736093352581461991577952607194184919959986732832137763968372079001 614539417829493600667191915755222424942439615639096641032911590957809655146512 799184051057152559880154371097811020398275325667876035223369849416618110570147 157786394997375237852779370309560257018531827900030765471075630488433208697115 737423807934450316076253177145354444118311781822497185263570918244899879620350 833575617202260339378587032813126780799005417734869115253706562370574409662217 129026273207323614922429130405285553723410330775777980642420243048828152100091 460265382206962715520208227433500101529480119869011762595167636699817183557523 488070371955574234729408359520886166620257285375581307928258648728217370556619 689895266201877681062920081779233813587682842641243243148028217367450672069350 762689530434593937503296636377575062473323992348288310773390527680200757984356 793711505090050273660471140085335034364672248565315181177661810922279191022488 396800266606568705190627597387735357444478775379164142738132256957319602018748 847471046993365661400806930325618537188600727185359482884788624504185554640857 155630071250902713863468937416826654665772926111718246036305660465300475221703 265136391058698857884245041340007617472791371842774108750867905018896539635695 864308196137299023274934970241622645433923929267278367865571555817773966377191 281418224664126866345281105514013167325366841827929537266050341518527048802890 268315833479592038755984988617867005963731015727172000114334767351541882552524 663262972025386614259375933490112495445188844587988365323760500686216425928461 880113716666635035656010025131275200124346538178852251664505673955057386315263 765954302814622423017747501167684457149670488034402130730241278731540290425115 091994087834862014280140407162144654788748177582604206667340250532107702583018 381329938669733199458406232903960570319092726406838808560840747389568335052094 151491733048363304771434582553921221820451656004278

———————————————————————————————————————

Zeta(1,2) ot the derivative of Zeta function at 2.

-0.9375482543158437537025740945678649778978602886148299258854334803 6044381131270752279368941514115151749311382116241638535059404171 5961733247197185174912402688214443700163931015045107160373574873 1352956057133552593318050514872534799984717397570317550302619073

———————————————————————————————————————

Feigenbaum reduction parameter

2.502907875095892822283902873218215786381271376727149977336192056

Feigenbaum bifurcation velocity constant

4.669201609102990671853203820466201617258185577475768632745651343 00413433021131473

———————————————————————————————————————

Fransen-Robinson constant.

2.80777024202851936522150118655777293230808592093019829122005

  ref:
  Math of Computation, vol 34 1980 pp 553-566
  Math of Computation vol 37 1981 pp 233-235

———————————————————————————————————————

The Gauss-Kuzmin-Wirsing constant.

0.303663002898732658597448121901

———————————————————————————————————————

Khinchin constant to 1024 digits.

2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152345 5572188595371520028011411749318476979951534659052880900828976777 1641096305179253348325966838185231542133211949962603932852204481 9409618068664166428930847788062036073705350103367263357728904990 4270702723451702625237023545810686318501032374655803775026442524 8528694682341899491573066189872079941372355000579357366989339508 7902124464207528974145914769301844905060179349938522547040420337 7985639831015709022233910000220772509651332460444439191691460859 6823482128324622829271012690697418234847767545734898625420339266 2351862086778136650969658314699527183744805401219536666604964826 9890827548115254721177330319675947383719393578106059230401890711 3496246737068412217946810740608918276695667117166837405904739368 8095345048999704717639045134323237715103219651503824698888324870 9353994696082647818120566349467125784366645797409778483662049777 7486827656970871631929385128993141995186116737926546205635059513 8571376169712687229980532767327871051376395637190231452890030581

———————————————————————————————————————

Landau-Ramanujan constant calculated by Philippe Flajolet INRIA Paris and Paul Zimmermann

.76422365358922066299069873125009232811679054139340951472168667374961464165873 285883840150501313123372193726912079259263418742064678084323063315434629380531 605171169636177508819961243824994277683469051623513921871962056905329564467041 917634977065956990571293866028938589982961051662960890991779298360729736972006 403169851286365173473921065768550978681981674707359066921830288751501689624646 710918081710618090086517493799082420450570666204898612757713333895484325083035 682950407721597524121430942470953115765559404064229125772724071563491218723272 555640889999512705135849728552347645942418505999635800934732669411548076911671 455813028066898593167493626295259560163215843892463887558347193993864581698751 045893518777945872755226448709943505595943671299977780669880564555921300690852 242867691102264527531455816088116296997029876937094388422089495290791626363527 791432286156863284215944899347183748322904155863814951281527102068249218645827 978145098870379211809629840943604891233924014852514327407923660178532707078811 584944045092539519718157085780907690772192962552262890529967200510669638584207 655081660527132551761150093619010182152039541621744474356571314026496051480322 439134457528009739604967190734667398621127034770623094786463721777245551191609 693349580116501538146897732947400254272699518373881294004390465050310091210361 980535760952228835847669743267507757379848939356645406017251962513826671863828 822629657399438626453078913514555113206475947913245582423662405126070382560901 984614575152951511943211356814416716008974384391847402590826495013602834007260 634108659796382596784136373377680857831279147106417370573337040146024737648200 768231118490558678994106995743922457089666910491534089500139419890965785853368 531985664042350494746329804481593573838687414276915611134778612290893976432134 279879206472381493290546264824907766030881348705331723336407298994245656611424 036824812873959790915799781062723446426357233234127834780836022424212901203199 698485951429216878840715626887034517436895639117072657935407050794141100343395 582796409783891583020407548189623248280478295465239223872194333981851251004747 915658247782096645428132405620504841629632689157664149594957463505689486587289 243413739100608393347108455293656982935338521814358746992934863313565820307192 052961665775757266627408455837127946799180904710259452519968016372631267038023 447298309515688684101430849594108797807013561524049847909714362331059569179431 431691402111049142985963053516771600084867260895318575293282183754558954666446 191468252314874744996401074402664686009572448671687582605311706563448494800841 013235616345298355661883397936163440983329415351662473668696589017509927510426 179402465228834883071274736258665127650610546028964911287287862738263596129333 646532191462193644375375986052224103348422135461338128126772131245890101073371 833507228401529641174179963903413664423919027895258486882959689695414733771140 886608735962775876801352400029217923528552903064508042269791458998101532140852 906522851155926562268843097382297291671643980514954868377297117263777565889196 871160509021211371651902341089659293730249465771175004282806372542711805610086 582199353671242849838516132864990427711284071698787833006397284922820344349455 347600218003759357103205064406756731817833717035278315824041187154686581171864 952708996224348497793884832819497863569163437333174207210017054301866996336546 345356688803248528083754492545177937909480719571292537184111634137303745351158 808536058387947244006076177381212102789234193301297654667548505996663777643498 372821340898092902889278088428356657996352849776141925529724571724867587136418 201398244839217272327643398650709245008820337499415470402244860516920495403808 927989711051717768667304408545186666225235192118021635892919167850976801426649 352465241315279351720847405377357578042399840807239581517870192914436593403426 041472365945332028684204462087017959678507105044335899885299980564606846787225 732214957985497309246622145607355305369122171822980735330797038775292460178947 026111522360709501432667888113281990837513268845551510892190791002610859910028 841896531906865518597376800549155279239015601038178005539072818968126480022740 306581014459893635059496241529118447243731448964790876170326036539290133430684 781818206966837601732903016602762498422827578841548456314713744987325573405808 059688168787542109613848415947550297583968310995807378723577778742169704341423 897424468452868147350993296144684543688264968869192161649670355650366847261236 344317060911028964507813116327249011793664610722979820574075779145800908301060 913216200897249373201032777744785128764388089981656932715040612090221827393598 823187046383122896921216104846546948319792790320515076726732119163218284371172 036046713301772401534216569368578887782115998981797541546286000230716000159982 248277212628384883047943066328546836223944311977655842794918993522521563237555 650145286211059365868171399984063710196404159462648235183782162356589166387664 599049458627927377620486160161495004228978098646407047162007645445619312738742 470000474

———————————————————————————————————————

The twin primes constant.

0.660161815846869573927812110014555778432623

———————————————————————————————————————

The Lengyel constant.

1.09868580552518701

———————————————————————————————————————

The Levy constant.

3.275822918721811159787681882453843863608475525982374149405198924 1907232156449603551812775404791745294926985262434016333281898085 1150341709970823046646564670370807129022418613959423772012981792 4251087697614930028806824926170594041290808697054441234922379888 4427089726916409835535854804837478582876252691844500764338370387 6741884459420351700003732122230624193601340916574804354470221732 5993822298382263233915155285779861204684944725214872290148093612 0890454342092099519978162400515039051381538771475429139307394617 8045527838277727414847221513498826672911215448270452018633487650 0197461804182629653652880116815110575135087115230163029427488336 4626099362896606336377631721650883480193611175632669841114675716 4673788536609062436703325968873753578142654195992507552782054563 7159407017761632115357055923392379438429270901774392301637440604 1267849616074783099029968056083369047909232336111034927147379005 2538954916571473419972293167664630764119832764653881696204634629 7332994286181358520050377154266892424005731518557308952871781294

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